Lymphedema is a chronic condition in which swelling occurs because lymph fluid cannot move properly through the lymphatic system. When lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes are malformed, damaged, or disrupted, fluid can build up in surrounding tissues and cause persistent swelling.
Lymphedema is not a defining feature of isolated lymphatic malformations (LMs). In individuals with complex lymphatic anomalies (CLAs), it may develop when lymphatic involvement is more widespread or when drainage pathways are impaired.
Possible Symptoms
Symptoms vary in severity. Some individuals have mild swelling, while others may experience:
- Persistent swelling anywhere in the body, commonly in the feet and legs, less often in an arms or legs
- A feeling of heaviness or tightness in the area of swelling
- Reduced flexibility or range of motion in the limb
- Skin thickening over time in the area of swelling
- Recurrent skin infections, such as cellulitis
Why It May Come Up in LM or CLA Care
Because isolated LMs and CLAs involve abnormalities of the lymphatic system, changes in lymphatic drainage may occur resulting in lymphedema.
Not all swelling is lymphedema. New or progressive swelling may prompt clinical evaluation to determine whether lymphedema or another cause is present.
Management
Management of lymphedema associated with isolated LMs or CLAs depends on the severity and location of the swelling. Treatment may include compression therapy, specialized lymphatic massage, exercise, careful skin care to reduce infection risk, and self-care management. Treatment should be performed by a healthcare provider trained in lymphatics. Surgery has also been used on some patients.
Important to Know
Not every patient will develop lymphedema. Care is individualized and guided by symptoms and clinical findings.
To learn more about lymphedema care, visit the National Lymphedema Network.
